Batteries carbon emissions dilemma

Since their development in the early 1990s, lithium-ion rechargeable batteries have become an integral part of our daily life, powering smartphones and laptops. They are now vigorously electrifying the transportation sector, from road to river. They have also attracted significant interest as supporting devices in the world’s grid, because dominant renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, are intermittent. Lithium-ion batteries are a key enabler of a low-carbon future.